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Overview of Boston University Algorithms (PI: Allen Tannenbaum)

At Boston University and the Comprehensive Cancer Center of UAB, we are broadly interested in a range of mathematical image analysis algorithms for segmentation, registration, diffusion-weighted MRI analysis, and statistical analysis. For many applications, we cast the problem in an energy minimization framework wherein we define a partial differential equation whose numeric solution corresponds to the desired algorithmic outcome. The following are many examples of PDE techniques applied to medical image analysis.

Boston University/UAB Projects

	Multimodal Deformable Registration of Traumatic Brain Injury MR Volumes using Graphics Processing Units Time-efficient processing and analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes is desirable is for the neurocritical care and monitoring of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. An important problem of TBI neuroimaging data analysis is the task of co-registering MR volumes acquired using distinct sequences in the presence of widely variable pixel intensities that are due to the presence of pathology. Here we address this important and challenging problems using an implementation of multimodal deformable registration on graphics processing units (GPU). We follow a viscous fluid model framework and replace mutual information with the Bhattacharyya distance as the measure of similarity between image volumes. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a GPU and its robustness is illustrated using a longitudinal multimodal TBI dataset. More...
	Multi-scale Shape Representation, Registration, and Segmentation With Applications to Radiotherapy We present in this work a multiscale representation for shapes with arbitrary topology, and a method to segment the target organ/tissue from medical images having very low contrast with respect to surrounding regions using multiscale shape information and local image features. In a number of previous papers, shape knowledge was incorporated by first constructing a shape space from training data, and then constraining the segmentation process to be within the resulting shape space. However, such an approach has certain limitations including the fact that small scale shape variances may be overwhelmed by those on larger scale, and therefore the local shape information is lost. In this work, first we handle this problem by providing a multiscale shape representation using the wavelet transform. Consequently, the shape variances captured by the statistical learning step are also represented at various scales. In doing so, not only is the diversity of shape enriched, but also small scale changes are nicely captured. More... New: Yifei Lou, Tianye Niu, Xun Jia, Patricio Vela, Lei Zhu, Allen Tannenbaum, Joint CT/CBCT Deformable Registration and CBCT Enhancement for Cancer Radiotherapy, MedIA (in submission), 2012.
	Segmentation and Registration for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Therapy Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for both pre- and and post-ablation assessment of the atrial wall. MRI can aid in selecting the right candidate for the ablation procedure and assessing post-ablation scar formations. Image processing techniques can be used for automatic segmentation of the atrial wall, which facilitates an accurate statistical assessment of the region. As a first step towards the general solution to the computer-assisted segmentation of the left atrial wall, in this research we propose a shape-based image segmentation framework to segment the endocardial wall of the left atrium.More... New: Y. Gao, B. Gholami, R. S. MacLeod, J, Blauer, W. M. Haddad, and A. R. Tannenbaum, Segmentation of the Endocardial Wall of the Left Atrium using Local Region-Based Active Contours and Statistical Shape Learning, SPIE Medical Imaging, San Diego, CA, 2010.
	Agitation and Pain Assessment Using Digital Imaging Pain assessment in patients who are unable to verbally communicate with medical staff is a challenging problem in patient critical care. The fundamental limitations in sedation and pain assessment in the intensive care unit (ICU) stem from subjective assessment criteria, rather than quantifiable, measurable data for ICU sedation and analgesia. This often results in poor quality and inconsistent treatment of patient agitation and pain from nurse to nurse. Recent advancements in pattern recognition techniques using a relevance vector machine algorithm can assist medical staff in assessing sedation and pain by constantly monitoring the patient and providing the clinician with quantifiable data for ICU sedation. In this paper, we show that the pain intensity assessment given by a computer classifier has a strong correlation with the pain intensity assessed by expert and non-expert human examiners.More... New: B. Gholami, W. M. Haddad, and A. Tannenbaum, Relevance Vector Machine Learning for Neonate Pain Intensity Assessment Using Digital Imaging. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 57, pp. 1457-1466, 2012. New: B. Gholami, W. M. Haddad, and A. R. Tannenbaum, Agitation and Pain Assessment Using Digital Imaging. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biolog. Conf., Minneapolis, MN, pp. 2176-2179, 2009 (Awarded National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering/National Institute of Health Student Travel Fellowship). New: Wassim M. Haddad, James M. Bailey, Behnood Gholami, and Allen Tannenbaum. Optimal Drug Dosing Control for Intensive Care Unit Sedation Using a Hybrid Deterministic-Stochastic Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Model. Optimal Control, Applications and Methods}, 2012, DOI: 10.1002/oca.2038.
	Simultaneous Multiple Object Segmentation using Robust Statistics Features Multiple objects are segmented simultaneously using several interactive active contours based on the feature image which utilizes the robust statistics of the image. More... New: Y. Gao, S. Bouix, M. Shenton, R. Kikinis, A. Tannenbaum. A 3D interactive multi-object segmentation tool using local robust statistics driven active contours. MedIA, volume 16, 2012, pp. 1216-1227.
	Prostate Segmentation The 3D prostate MRI images are collected by collaborators at Queen’s University. With a little manual initialization, the algorithm provided the results give to the left. The method mainly uses Random Walk algorithm. More... New: Y. Gao, R. Sandhu, G. Fichtinger, A. Tannenbaum. A coupled global registration and segmentation framework with application to magnetic resonance prostate imagery. IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, volume 29, 2010, pp. 1781-1794.
	Particle Filter Registration of Medical Imagery 3D volumetric image registration is performed. The method is based on registering the images through point sets, which is able to handle long distance between as well as registration between Supine and Prone pose prostate. More... New: Y. Gao, R. Sandhu, G. Fichtinger, A. Tannenbaum; A coupled global registration and segmentation framework with application to magnetic resonance prostate imagery. IEEE TMI vol.29, 2010, pp. 1781-1794. New: Y. Gao, Y. Rathi, S. Bouix, A. Tannenbaum; Filtering in the diffeomorphism group and the registration of point sets. IEEE Transactions Image Processing, vol. 21, 2012, pp. 4383-4396 .
	Left Atrium Segmentation for Atrial Fibrillation Treatment The planning and evaluation of left atrial ablation procedures is commonly based on the segmentation of the left atrium, which is a challenging task due to large anatomical variations. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach for segmenting the left atrium from magnetic resonance imagery (MRI). The segmentation problem is formulated as a problem in variational region growing. More... New: L. Zhu, Y. Gao, A. Yezzi, A. Tannenbaum. Automatic Segmentation of the Left Atrium from MRI images using Variational Region Growing with a Shape Prior, IEEE Transaction on Medical Imaging(TMI), in submission. New: L. Zhu, Y. Gao, A. Yezzi, R. MacLeod, J. Cates, A. Tannenbaum. Automatic Segmentation of the Left Atrium from MRI Images Using Salient Feature and Contour Evolution, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference(EMBC), 2012.
	Scar Tissue Identification for Post-Ablation Analysis The delay-enhanced MRI (DE-MRI) technique provides an effective way of imaging scarring and fibrosis tissue of atria. Segmentation of the LA from DE-MRI images can be used in atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment to select suitable candidates for ablation therapy and subsequent monitoring of the therapy. More... New: Y. Gao, L. Zhu, A. Yezzi, S. Bouix , A. Tannenbaum. Scar Segmentation in DE-MRI, IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) , 2012.
	Longitudinal Shape Analysis for AFib The shape evolution of the left atrium in the atrial fibrillation patiens is studied longitudinally to reveal the difference between recover group and the AFib recurrence group. More...
	Ventricles Segmentation for Diagnosis of Cardiac Diseases This work presents an automatic method for extracting the myocardial wall of the left and right ventricles from cardiac CT images. In the method, the left and right ven- tricles are located sequentially, in which each ventricle is detected by first identifying the endocardial surface and then segmenting the epicardial surface. More... New: L. Zhu, Y. Gao, V. Appia, A. Yezzi, C. Arepalli , A. Stillman, and A. Tannenbaum. Automatic Extraction of the Myocardial Wall from CT Images using Shape Segmentation and Variational Region Growing, IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering(TBME), In preparation.
	Risk Mass Estimation for Heart Risk Evaluation Prognosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases frequently require the determination of the myocardial mass at risk caused by coronary stenoses. However, few work has been done for estimating the myocardial mass at risk directly from the heart surface segmented from CAT imagery, rather than using a simplified heart model such as ellipsoid. More... New: L. Zhu, Y. Gao, A. Yezzi, C. Arepalli , A. Stillman, and A. Tannenbaum. A Computational Framework for Estimating the Mass at Risk Caused by Stenoses using CT Angiography, Internatial Journal of Cardiac Imaging(IJCI), In preparation. New: L. Zhu, Y. Gao, V. Mohan, A. Stillman, T. Faber, A. Tannenbaum. Estimation of myocardial volume at risk from CT angiography, Proceedings of SPIE , pp.79632-38A, 2011.
	Re-Orientation Approach for Segmentation of DW-MRI This work proposes a methodology to segment tubular fiber bundles from diffusion weighted magnetic resonance images (DW-MRI). Segmentation is simplified by locally reorienting diffusion information based on large-scale fiber bundle geometry. More... New: Near-Tubular Fiber Bundle Segmentation for Diffusion Weighted Imaging: Segmentation Through Frame Reorientation. Neuroimage, volume 45, 2009, pp. 123-132.
	Tubular Surface Segmentation Framework We have proposed a new model for tubular surfaces that transforms the problem of detecting a surface in 3D space, to detecting a curve in 4D space. Besides allowing us to impose a "soft" tubular shape prior, this also leads to computational efficiency over conventional surface segmentation approaches. More... New: V. Mohan, G. Sundaramoorthi, A. Stillman and A. Tannenbaum. Vessel Segmentation with Automatic Centerline Extraction using Tubular Surface Segmentation. September 2009. Proceedings of the Workshop on Cardiac Interventional Imaging and Biophysical Modelling (CI2BM'09), Int Conf Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv. 2009. New: V. Mohan, G. Sundaramoorthi and A. Tannenbaum. Tubular Surface Segmentation for Extracting Anatomical Structures from Medical Imagery, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, volume 29, 2011, pp. 1945-1958.
	Group Study on DW-MRI using the Tubular Surface Model We have proposed a new framework for performing group studies on DW-MRI data sets using the Tubular Surface Model of Mohan et al. We successfully apply this framework to discriminating schizophrenic cases from normal controls, as well as towards visualizing the regions of the Cingulum Bundle that are affected by Schizophrenia. More... New: V. Mohan, G. Sundaramoorthi, M. Kubicki, D. Terry and A. Tannenbaum. Population Analysis of the Cingulum Bundle using the Tubular Surface Model for Schizophrenia Detection. SPIE Medical Imaging 2010. New: V. Mohan, G. Sundaramoorthi, M. Kubicki and A. Tannenbaum. Population Analysis of neural fiber bundles towards schizophrenia detection and characterization, using the Tubular Surface model. Neuroimage (in submission)
	Interactive Image Segmentation With Active Contours An approach for tightly coupling the user into a semi-automatic segmentation framework is proposed in this work. A human guides the automatic segmentation by iteratively providing input until convergence to the desired segmentation. The result is a segmentation of manual quality in a fraction of the time; the whole process is intuitive and highly flexible More... New: I. Kolesov, P.Karasev, G.Muller, K.Chudy, J.Xerogeanes, and A. Tannenbaum. Human Supervisory Control Framework for Interactive Medical Image Segmentation. MICCAI Workshop on Computational Biomechanics for Medicine 2011. New: P.Karasev, I.Kolesov, K.Chudy, G.Muller, J.Xerogeanes, and A. Tannenbaum. Interactive MRI Segmentation with Controlled Active Vision. IEEE CDC-ECC 2011.
	Constrained Registration for Adaptive Radiotherapy A hierarchical approach is described to register two CT scans from different patients. The registration process extracts point clouds representing anatomical structures and aligns them sequentially. The proposed method for registering point clouds can incorporate a variety of constraints including restriction on the injectivity of the deformation field and stationarity of selected landmarks. More... New: I. Kolesov, J. Lee, P.Vela, G. Sharp and A. Tannenbaum. Diffeomorphic Point Set Registration with Landmark Constraints. In Preparation for PAMI.
	Adaptive Radiotherapy for Head, Neck and Thorax We proposed an algorithm to include prior knowledge in previously segmented anatomical structures to help in the segmentation of the next structure. This will add enough prior information to allow the Graph Cuts algorithm to segment structures with fuzzy boundaries. More... New: I. Kolesov, V. Mohan, G. Sharp and A. Tannenbaum. Coupled Segmentation for Anatomical Structures by Combining Shape and Relational Spatial Information. MTNS 2010.
	Kernel Methods for Segmentation Segmentation performances using active contours can be drastically improved if the possible shapes of the object of interest are learnt. The goal of this work is to use Kernel PCA to learn shape priors. Kernel PCA allows for learning nonlinear dependencies in data sets, leading to more robust shape priors. More... New: R. Sandhu, S. Dambreville, and A. Tannenbaum. A Non-Rigid Kernel Based Framework for 2D/3D Pose Estimation and 2D Image Segmentation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intelligence, volume 33, 2011, pp. 1098-1115.
	Geodesic Tractography Segmentation In this work, we provide an energy minimization framework which allows one to find fiber tracts and volumetric fiber bundles in brain diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI). More... New: J. Melonakos, E. Pichon, S. Angenent, and A. Tannenbaum. Finsler Active Contours. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, volume 30, 2008, pp. 412-423.
	Label Space: A Coupled Multi-Shape Representation Many techniques for multi-shape representation may often develop inaccuracies stemming from either approximations or inherent variation. Label space is an implicit representation that offers unbiased algebraic manipulation and natural expression of label uncertainty. We demonstrate smoothing and registration on multi-label brain MRI. More... New: J. Malcolm, Y. Rathi, S. Bouix, M. Shenton, A. Tannenbaum. Affine registration of label maps in label space. Journal of Computing, volume 2, 2010, pp, 1-11.
	Non Parametric Clustering for Biomolecular Structural Analysis High accuracy imaging and image processing techniques allow for collecting structural information of biomolecules with atomistic accuracy. Direct interpretation of the dynamics and the functionality of these structures with physical models, is yet to be developed. Clustering of molecular conformations into classes seems to be the first stage in recovering the formation and the functionality of these molecules. More... New: X. LeFaucheur, E. Hershkovits, R. Tannenbaum, and A. Tannenbaum. Non-parametric clustering for studying RNA conformations. IEEE Trans. Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, volume 8, 2011, pp. 1604-1618. New: Il Tae Kim, A. Tannenbaum, R. Tannenbaum. Anisotropic conductivity of magnetic carbon nanotubes embedded in epoxy matrices. Carbon, volume 49, 2011, pp. 54-61.
	Point Set Rigid Registration In this work, we propose a particle filtering approach for the problem of registering two point sets that differ by a rigid body transformation. Experimental results are provided that demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm to initialization, noise, missing structures or differing point densities in each sets, on challenging 2D and 3D registration tasks. More... New: R. Sandhu, S. Dambreville, A. Tannenbaum. Point set registration via particle filtering and stochastic dynamics. IEEE TPAMI, volume 32, 2010, pp. 1459-1473. New: R. Sandhu, S. Dambreville, A. Tannenbaum. A non-rigid kernel based framework for 2D/3D pose estimation and 2D image segmentation. IEEE TPAMI, volume 33, 2011, pp. 1098-1115.
	Optimal Mass Transport Registration and Visualization The goal of this project is to implement a computationally efficient Elastic/Non-rigid Registration algorithm based on the Monge-Kantorovich theory of optimal mass transport for 3D Medical Imagery. Our technique is based on Multigrid and Multiresolution techniques. This method is particularly useful because it is parameter free and utilizes all of the grayscale data in the image pairs in a symmetric fashion and no landmarks need to be specified for correspondence. More... New: Eldad Haber, Tauseef Rehman, and Allen Tannenbaum. An Efficient Numerical Method for the Solution of the L2 Optimal Mass Transfer Problem. SIAM Journal of Scientific Computing, volume 32, 2011, pp. 197-211. New: Tauseef Rehman, Eldad Haber, Gallagher Pryor, and Allen Tannenbaum. 3D nonrigid registration via optimal mass transport on the GPU. MedIA, volume 13, 2010, pp. 931-940. New: Ayelet Dominitz and Allen Tannenbaum. Texture Mapping Via Optimal Mass Transport. IEEE TVCG, volume 16, 2010), pp. 419-433.
	Multiscale Shape Segmentation Techniques To represent multiscale variations in a shape population in order to drive the segmentation of deep brain structures, such as the caudate nucleus or the hippocampus. More...
	Soft Plaque Detection in CTA Imagery The ability to detect and measure non-calcified plaques (also known as soft plaques) may improve physicians’ ability to predict cardiac events. This work automatically detects soft plaques in CTA imagery using active contours driven by spatially localized probabilistic models. Plaques are identified by simultaneously segmenting the vessel from the inside-out and the outside-in using carefully chosen localized energies More... New: Soft Plaque Detection and Automatic Vessel Segmentation. PMMIA Workshop in MICCAI, Sep. 2009.
	Wavelet Shrinkage for Shape Analysis Shape analysis has become a topic of interest in medical imaging since local variations of a shape could carry relevant information about a disease that may affect only a portion of an organ. We developed a novel wavelet-based denoising and compression statistical model for 3D shapes. More...
	Multiscale Shape Analysis We present a novel method of statistical surface-based morphometry based on the use of non-parametric permutation tests and a spherical wavelet (SWC) shape representation. More...
	Rule-Based DLPFC Segmentation In this work, we provide software to semi-automate the implementation of segmentation procedures based on expert neuroanatomist rules for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. More...
	Rule-Based Striatum Segmentation In this work, we provide software to semi-automate the implementation of segmentation procedures based on expert neuroanatomist rules for the striatum. More...
	Conformal Surface Flattening The goal of this project is for better visualizing and computation of neural activity from fMRI brain imagery. Also, with this technique, shapes can be mapped to shperes for shape analysis, registration or other purposes. Our technique is based on conformal mappings which map genus-zero surface: in fmri case cortical or other surfaces, onto a sphere in an angle preserving manner. More...
	Blood Vessel Segmentation The goal of this work is to develop blood vessel segmentation techniques for 3D MRI and CT data. The methods have been applied to coronary arteries and portal veins, with promising results. More... New: V.Mohan, G. Sundaramoorthi, A. Stillman and A. Tannenbaum. Vessel Segmentation with Automatic Centerline Extraction Using Tubular Tree Segmentation. CI2BM at MICCAI 2009, September 2009.
	Knowledge-Based Bayesian Segmentation This ITK filter is a segmentation algorithm that utilizes Bayes's Rule along with an affine-invariant anisotropic smoothing filter. More...
	Stochastic Methods for Segmentation New stochastic methods for implementing curvature driven flows for various medical tasks such as segmentation. More...
	Automatic Outlining of sulci on the brain surface We present a method to automatically extract certain key features on a surface. We apply this technique to outline sulci on the cortical surface of a brain. More...
	KPCA, LLE, KLLE Shape Analysis The goal of this work is to study and compare shape learning techniques. The techniques considered are Linear Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Kernel PCA, Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) and Kernel LLE. More...
	Statistical/PDE Methods using Fast Marching for Segmentation This Fast Marching based flow was added to Slicer 2. More...