Difference between revisions of "Projects:MGH-HeadAndNeck-RT"

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== Problem Description ==
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Back to [[Algorithm:Stony Brook|Stony Brook University Algorithms]]
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__NOTOC__
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= Adaptive Radiotherapy for head, neck and thorax =
  
Proton therapy is used to deliver accurate doses of radiation to people undergoing cancer treatment. At the beginning of treatment, a personalized plan describing the amount of radiation and location to which it must be delivered is created for the patient. However, over the course of the treatment, which lasts weeks, a person's anatomy is likely to change. Adaptive radiotherapy aims to improve fractionated radiotherapy by re-optimizing the radiation treatment plan for each session. To update the plan, the CT images acquired during a treatment session are registered to the treatment plan and doses of radiation to be delivered are re-calculated accordingly. A correct segmentation is a pre-requisite for this dose re-optimization and is the starting point for this project.  
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Proton therapy is used to deliver accurate doses of radiation to people undergoing cancer treatment. At the beginning of treatment, a personalized plan describing the amount of radiation and location to which it must be delivered is created for the patient. However, over the course of the treatment, which lasts weeks, a person's anatomy is likely to change. Adaptive radiotherapy aims to improve fractionated radiotherapy by re-optimizing the radiation treatment plan for each session. To update the plan, the CT images acquired during a treatment session are registered to the treatment plan and doses of radiation to be delivered are re-calculated accordingly. Registering a patient scan to a model (ex.Atlas) provides important prior information for a segmentation algorithm and in the other direction, having segmentation of a structure, can be used for better registration; hence, segmentation and registration must be done concurrently.  
  
==Segmentation Algorithm ==
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= Description =
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Initial experiments show that bony structures such as the mandible can be segmented accurately with a variational active contour. However, for soft tissue such as the brain stem, the intensity profile does not contain sufficient information for reasonably accurate segmentation. To deal with "soft boundaries" infinite dimensional active contours must be constrained by using shape priors and/or interactive user input. One way to constrain a segmentation is shown in our work in MTNS; there, known spatial relationships between structures is exploited. First, a structure we are confident in will be segmented. Using probabilistic PCA a metric used to describe how likely the structure whose segmentation we have obtained is; this metric is essentially a description of how confident we are in the correct segmentation. Then, the location of this structure will be used as prior information(it becomes a landmark) to segment a more difficult structure. Iteratively, the nth structure to be segmented will have n-1 priors do draw information from with a confidence metric for each prior. The likely location of the nth structure, calculated as described above, will serve as an input to constrain an active contours algorithm. Additionally, we have had excellent results when constraining structures of the eye to simple geometrical shapes such as ellipses and tubular to limit the number of free parameter. A sample segmentation of the eye ball is shown below.
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* [[Image:Model3D_upTrans.png | Rel Pred| 250px]] Prediction of mandible location(red) give a brainstem(yellow) and larynx(blue) segmentation; ground truth segmenation is green.
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* [[Image:3D_eye.png | Eye Seg| 250px]] Segmentation of the eye ball.
  
Initial se
 
  
 
== Current State of Work ==
 
== Current State of Work ==
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We have gathered a sample data set; currently, we are registering the scan to create a united patient model. This model will localize structures and constrain shape. Additionally, we are investigation interaction approaches for registration and segmentation that will "put the user in the loop" but greatly reduce the work compared to manual approaches. 
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Future work on this method will include coupling the evolution of the interior and exterior surfaces so that information about local intensities and geometries can be shared in order to detect plaques more robustly. Furthermore, a larger study is planned in which a larger number of datasets will be analyzed, a quantitative analysis will be performed, and the method will be compared with intravascular ultrasound imagery to confirm the presence and composition of detected plaques. We believe this work has the potential of being an important step forward in automatically detecting non-calcified plaques, which have been clearly linked with the occurrence of heart attacks and stroke.
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= Key Investigators =
  
== Publications ==
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* Georgia Tech: Ivan Kolesov, Vandana Mohan, and Allen Tannenbaum
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* Massachusetts General Hospital: Gregory Sharp
  
''In Print''
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= Publications =
  
== Key Investigators ==
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''In Press''
  
Georgia Tech: Ivan Kolesov, Vandana Mohan, and Allen Tannenbaum
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I. Kolesov, V. Mohan, G. Sharp and A. Tannenbaum. Coupled Segmentation for Anatomical Structures by Combining Shape and Relational Spatial Information. MTNS 2010.
Massachusetts General Hospital: Gregory Sharp
 

Latest revision as of 01:02, 16 November 2013

Home < Projects:MGH-HeadAndNeck-RT
Back to Stony Brook University Algorithms

Adaptive Radiotherapy for head, neck and thorax

Proton therapy is used to deliver accurate doses of radiation to people undergoing cancer treatment. At the beginning of treatment, a personalized plan describing the amount of radiation and location to which it must be delivered is created for the patient. However, over the course of the treatment, which lasts weeks, a person's anatomy is likely to change. Adaptive radiotherapy aims to improve fractionated radiotherapy by re-optimizing the radiation treatment plan for each session. To update the plan, the CT images acquired during a treatment session are registered to the treatment plan and doses of radiation to be delivered are re-calculated accordingly. Registering a patient scan to a model (ex.Atlas) provides important prior information for a segmentation algorithm and in the other direction, having segmentation of a structure, can be used for better registration; hence, segmentation and registration must be done concurrently.

Description

Initial experiments show that bony structures such as the mandible can be segmented accurately with a variational active contour. However, for soft tissue such as the brain stem, the intensity profile does not contain sufficient information for reasonably accurate segmentation. To deal with "soft boundaries" infinite dimensional active contours must be constrained by using shape priors and/or interactive user input. One way to constrain a segmentation is shown in our work in MTNS; there, known spatial relationships between structures is exploited. First, a structure we are confident in will be segmented. Using probabilistic PCA a metric used to describe how likely the structure whose segmentation we have obtained is; this metric is essentially a description of how confident we are in the correct segmentation. Then, the location of this structure will be used as prior information(it becomes a landmark) to segment a more difficult structure. Iteratively, the nth structure to be segmented will have n-1 priors do draw information from with a confidence metric for each prior. The likely location of the nth structure, calculated as described above, will serve as an input to constrain an active contours algorithm. Additionally, we have had excellent results when constraining structures of the eye to simple geometrical shapes such as ellipses and tubular to limit the number of free parameter. A sample segmentation of the eye ball is shown below.

  • Rel Pred Prediction of mandible location(red) give a brainstem(yellow) and larynx(blue) segmentation; ground truth segmenation is green.
  • Eye Seg Segmentation of the eye ball.


Current State of Work

We have gathered a sample data set; currently, we are registering the scan to create a united patient model. This model will localize structures and constrain shape. Additionally, we are investigation interaction approaches for registration and segmentation that will "put the user in the loop" but greatly reduce the work compared to manual approaches.


Key Investigators

  • Georgia Tech: Ivan Kolesov, Vandana Mohan, and Allen Tannenbaum
  • Massachusetts General Hospital: Gregory Sharp

Publications

In Press

I. Kolesov, V. Mohan, G. Sharp and A. Tannenbaum. Coupled Segmentation for Anatomical Structures by Combining Shape and Relational Spatial Information. MTNS 2010.